Centering and Accommodating Non-Verbal and Non-Speaking People

Nov 13

For too long, society has equated speech with intelligence, independence, and agency. This bias often marginalizes non-verbal and non-speaking people — many of whom are fully capable of comprehension, expressing themselves, making choices, and leading fulfilling lives when given appropriate supports. To truly create inclusive environments, we must center non-speaking individuals in decision-making and design accommodations that respect their communication styles and rights.

Moving Beyond Speech-Centric Assumptions

Non-verbal or non-speaking individuals may communicate through augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices, sign language, gestures, body language, or other creative means. It’s crucial to remember:

Not speaking is not the same as not understanding - Cognitive ability cannot be assumed based on speech. (ASHA, 2022)
Behavior is communication - When speech is unavailable, behaviors often signal needs, emotions, or reactions. (Autistic Self Advocacy Network, 2019)
Everyone has the right to communication - The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) recognizes communication as a human right, regardless of mode.

By decentering speech, we make space for more equitable participation.

Practical Accommodations

1. Provide Multiple Communication Options

Offer AAC devices, letter boards, or apps where appropriate.
Ensure environments allow enough time for device use — rushing silences people.
Learn and incorporate visual supports, gestures, or basic sign language.

2. Normalize Communication Diversity

Introduce AAC users in group settings by affirming their communication method.
Model patience — wait for responses without interruption.
Teach peers, colleagues, or classmates to value all communication equally.

3. Design Accessible Environments

Create sensory-friendly spaces (lower lighting, quiet areas, reduced clutter) that ease communication and focus. (National Center on Deaf-Blindness, 2021)
Ensure technology and devices are funded, maintained, and updated regularly.
Train staff and caregivers in AAC use — tools are only effective if everyone can support them.

4. Center Lived Expertise

Involve non-speaking individuals in planning meetings, services, and advocacy.
If responses take longer, schedule extra time rather than excluding them.
Compensate non-speaking advocates equitably for their contributions.

5. Respect Autonomy and Consent

Always assume competence — presume individuals understand what is being said. (Biklen & Burke, 2006)
Ask before touching communication devices or aids.
Prioritize the individual’s own preferences over assumptions made by caregivers or professionals.

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

Speaking over or for someone unnecessarily. Facilitation should support, not replace, self-expression.
Overemphasizing verbal “progress.” Communication goals should prioritize effectiveness, not conformity to speech norms.
Ignoring slow responses. Many AAC methods take time — patience communicates respect.
Equating silence with lack of input. Always provide opportunities for alternative expression.

Shifting the Culture

Accommodating non-speaking people is not only about tools or techniques — it’s about shifting cultural mindsets. We must:

Challenge ableist norms that privilege speech.
Train educators, clinicians, and public service providers to value all communication equally.
Elevate non-speaking voices in disability advocacy and leadership.

When we create environments that honor all forms of communication, we affirm that every person has knowledge, preferences, and experiences worth sharing.

Conclusion

Centering and accommodating non-verbal and non-speaking people is both a moral obligation and a practical necessity. By rejecting speech-centric assumptions, embracing AAC and diverse communication strategies, and ensuring environments foster inclusion, we uphold the fundamental right of every person to be heard — in their own way.

Shanya Luther